What is Allergy?
Allergy occurs when the immune system overreacts to substances that are normally harmless, called allergens. Common allergens include pollen, dust, animal dander, certain foods, and medications. In allergic individuals, the immune system mistakenly treats these substances as dangerous, leading to reactions such as sneezing, itching, runny nose, red eyes, or even asthma-like symptoms.
Diagnosis of Allergy
Accurate diagnosis is made through skin tests and blood tests. Identifying the specific allergens is essential for selecting the most effective treatment plan.
How is Allergy Treated?
Allergy treatment generally involves three main approaches:
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Avoidance: Staying away from allergens is the most important step in treatment.
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Medication: Antihistamines are commonly prescribed to control sneezing, itching, and runny nose. Corticosteroids are used for more severe cases.
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Immunotherapy (Allergy Shots/Vaccines): Administered either subcutaneously (under the skin injections) or sublingually (under the tongue drops/tablets). The immune system is gradually exposed to small doses of allergens, training the body to stop overreacting over time.
Conclusion
While allergies can significantly impact daily life, modern treatment methods such as medications, prevention strategies, and immunotherapy offer effective long-term control and improve quality of life.