Congenital Heart Diseases
What is Congenital Heart Disease?
Congenital heart disease refers to structural or functional problems with the heart present from birth. These conditions arise due to disruptions in the normal development of the heart, causing the baby to be born with heart issues. These abnormalities in the heart can hinder the proper pumping of blood throughout the body, making it difficult for organs to receive sufficient oxygen.
A Problem From Birth: Developmental Anomalies in the Heart
The development of the heart begins in the early stages of pregnancy and passes through critical phases over several weeks. During this period, the chambers, valves, and blood vessels of the heart are formed. However, due to certain genetic and environmental factors, anomalies may occur in this process. These congenital issues can prevent the heart from pumping blood effectively, leading to severe conditions that can progress to heart failure.
The Anatomy and Function of the Heart
The heart is a vital organ composed of four main chambers that pump blood throughout the body. The two upper chambers are the atria, while the two lower chambers are the ventricles. The heart valves allow blood to flow in the right direction between these chambers. In addition, the main blood vessels exiting the heart, the aorta and pulmonary artery, carry blood to the body and lungs, respectively.
The Parts of the Heart and Their Primary Functions
The atria and ventricles are responsible for the heart’s main pumping function. The atria collect blood from the body and lungs, while the ventricles pump this blood back to the body and lungs. The valves ensure this cycle runs smoothly by preventing backflow of blood. A healthy heart ensures that blood reaches all organs in the right amount and at the right time.
Causes of Congenital Heart Diseases
The causes of congenital heart diseases are complex and, although not fully understood, are thought to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
The Role of Genetic Factors
It is known that heart diseases tend to occur more frequently in some families. Genetic mutations can disrupt the development of the heart, leading to congenital heart disease. Particularly, the prevalence of these diseases increases in association with certain genetic syndromes.
Risks and Factors During Pregnancy
Infections, toxins, and certain medications experienced by the mother during pregnancy can adversely affect the baby’s heart development.
